Capital rationing is a restriction on an organization’s ability to invest capital funds, caused by an internal budget ceiling being imposed on such expenditure by management( soft capital rationing), or by external limitations being applied to the company, as when additional borrowed funds cannot be obtained( hard capital rationing).資本配給是對一個組織的投資資本的能力的限制。由管理層對這類開 支造成的內部預算上限,成為軟性資本配合;由外部限制被應用于公司,這時額 外借來的資金不能獲得(硬性資本配給)。
1. Soft capital rationing- Internal factors: 公司可以融資,但不愿意融資
1) Reluctance to surrender control 發(fā)股票融資,可能降低對公司控制
2) Wish only to use retain earnings 只愿意用自有資金
3) Reluctance to dilutes EPS 發(fā)股票融資,會稀釋 EPS
4) Reluctance to pay more interest 不愿意增加利息支付
5) Capital expenditure budgets 資本費用預算節(jié)制
2. hard capital rationing- external factors 公司想要融資,但融不到資
1) Depressed stock market 股票市場表現(xiàn)不好,投資者不愿意投資
2) Restrictions on bank lending 銀行借不到款,可能信用不好,可能政府的擠 出效應“crowding-out”
3) Conservative lending policies 借款政策 保守,企業(yè)不滿足條件
4) Issue costs 發(fā)行成本太高,無法發(fā)行